Specific lipid magnetic sphere sorted CD146-positive bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can better promote articular cartilage damage repair.

BACKGROUND: The characteristics and therapeutic potential of subtypes of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are largely unknown. Also, the application of subpopulations of BMSCs in cartilage regeneration remains poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to explore the regenerative capacity of CD146-positive subpopulations of BMSCs for repairing cartilage defects. METHODS: CD146-positive BMSCs (CD146 + BMSCs) were sorted by self-developed CD146-specific lipid magnetic spheres (CD146-LMS). Cell surface markers, viability, and proliferation were evaluated in vitro. CD146 + BMSCs were subjected to in vitro chondrogenic induction and evaluated for chondrogenic properties by detecting mRNA and protein expression. The role of the CD146 subpopulation of BMSCs in cartilage damage repair was assessed by injecting CD146 + BMSCs complexed with sodium alginate gel in the joints of a mouse cartilage defect model. RESULTS: The prepared CD146-LMS had an average particle size of 193.7 ± 5.24 nm, an average potential of 41.9 ± 6.21 mv, and a saturation magnetization intensity of 27.2 Am2/kg, which showed good stability and low cytotoxicity. The sorted CD146 + BMSCs highly expressed stem cell and pericyte markers with good cellular activity and cellular value-added capacity. Cartilage markers Sox9, Collagen II, and Aggrecan were expressed at both protein and mRNA levels in CD146 + BMSCs cells after chondrogenic induction in vitro. In a mouse cartilage injury model, CD146 + BMSCs showed better function in promoting the repair of articular cartilage injury. CONCLUSION: The prepared CD146-LMS was able to sort out CD146 + BMSCs efficiently, and the sorted subpopulation of CD146 + BMSCs had good chondrogenic differentiation potential, which could efficiently promote the repair of articular cartilage injury, suggesting that the sorted CD146 + BMSCs subpopulation is a promising seed cell for cartilage tissue engineering.

CD146-positive adipose-derived stem cells subpopulation enriched by albumin magnetic sphere ameliorates knee osteoarthritis pain and promotes cartilage repair.

BACKGROUND: The use of adipose stem cell (ADSCs) subpopulations in cartilage repair remains poorly characterized. In this study, we constructed an albumin magnetic sphere with specific targeting of CD146 (CD146-AMs) for sorting a subpopulation of CD146-positive ADSCs (CD146 + ADSCs) and explored the role of CD146 + ADSCs on joint pain and cartilage repair in rats with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS: CD146-AMs were prepared and analyzed in materialistic characterization tests. Subpopulations of CD146 + ADSCs were sorted using CD146-AMs. Surface labeling, viability, and proliferation of a subpopulation of CD146 + ADSCs were evaluated in vitro. Molecular characterization of mRNA and protein expression profiles was analyzed by microarray. A rat KOA pain model was established by the iodoacetic acid method, and KOA pain and the promotion of cartilage repair were assessed after treatment with bilateral joint cavity injections of CD146 + ADSCs. RESULTS: The CD146-AMs prepared in this study had an average particle size of 242.63 ± 6.74 nm, an average potential of 33.82 ± 3.53 mv, and high CD146 targeting and low cytotoxicity. The positive rate of enriched CD146 + ADSCs was 98.21% and showed a high level of stem cell marker expression and good cell viability. Gene and protein expression profiles showed that CD146 + ADSCs have different cellular functions, especially in regulating inflammation. In the KOA model, low, medium and high concentrations of CD146 + ADSCs were able to improve KOA pain and promote cartilage repair in a concentration-dependent trend. CONCLUSIONS: The CD146-AMs prepared in this study were able to safely and efficiently sort out the CD146 + ADSCs subpopulation. The subpopulation of CD146 + ADSCs has a unique molecular profile that ameliorates KOA pain and repairs cartilage damage in rats, providing a new idea for KOA treatment.

Morphological analysis of posterior-medial intertrochanteric fracture patterns using fracture-mapping technique.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to analyze the fracture patterns of different posterior-medial wall types of intertrochanteric fractures by 3-D fracture-mapping technique and to further assess their clinical utility. Methods: In a retrospective analysis of interochanteric fractures treated in a large trauma center, fractures were classified into predesigned groups based on 3D-CT imaging techniques, and a 3-D template of the intertrochanteric region was graphically superimposed on the fracture line. Fracture characteristics were then summarized based on fracture-mapping. Finally, radiographic parameters, function, and range of motion were recorded in different fracture classification states. Results: A total of 348 intertrochanteric fractures were included. There were 111 patients (31.9%) in the posterolateral + posteromedial + medial group, with the most severe fracture displacement (typically characterized by fragmentation of the posteromedial wall into three isolated fragments). There were 102 cases (29.3%) in the posterolateral + posteromedial + simple medial group, and the most common fracture feature was a complete fragment posteromedially. A total of 81 cases (23.3%) were classified into the posterolateral + medial group, with the medial fracture line extending the anterior fracture line but leaving the lesser trochanter intact. In the isolated medial group of 33 cases (9.5%), the fracture type was similar to type IV, but the integrity of the greater trochanter was ensured. In the posteromedial + medial group of 12 cases (3.4%), the fracture was characterized by an interruption when the fracture line of the anterolateral wall extended to the posteromedial wall, often resulting in a complete isolated fragment posteromedially and medially. There were nine patients (2.6%) in the isolated posterolateral group. In addition, we found significantly different radiographic scores and range of motion scores between groups. Discussion: This morphometric study helps us to further characterize posterior-medial fracture patterns of intertrochanteric fractures, which may be closely related to different clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed to verify the reliability of this classification scheme in clinical application.

Combinations of radiotherapy with immunotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is currently based on concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The prognosis of early NPC is better, while the prognosis of advanced NPC is poor. Immunotherapy is becoming increasingly commonly employed in clinical practice as a new strategy for treating malignant tumors. It has shown promising results in the treatment of certain malignant tumors, making it a current clinical research hotspot. METHODS: This review summarizes the current immunotherapy on NPC, highlighting the application of immunotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of NPC. RESULTS: X-rays can either increase or suppress anti-tumor immune responses through various pathways and mechanisms. Immune checkpoint inhibitors can usually enhance X-ray-induced anti-tumor immune responses. Detecting the immune checkpoint markers and tumor mutation markers, and the functional status of effector cells in patients can aid in the development of individualized treatment that improves the treatment efficacy with reducing drug resistance and adverse reactions. The development of a multivalent vaccine for NPC will help improve the efficacy of the vaccine. Combining techniques that increase the tumor antigens release, such as radiotherapy and oncolytic virus vaccines, may enhance the ability of the immune response. CONCLUSIONS: To shed further light on the application of immunotherapy in NPC, large pooled studies must accumulate sufficient cases with detailed exposure data.

The effect of integrity of lesser tuberosity-medial calcar on postoperative outcome in the proximal humeral fracture.

BACKGROUND: In proximal humeral fractures, the medial calcar is often considered an important stabilizing structure. When the medial calcar is disrupted, some patients may have accompanying humeral lesser tuberosity comminution that has not been noticed. To investigate the impacts of comminuted fragments of lesser tuberosity and calcar on postoperative stability, CT results, number of fragments, cortical integrity, and the variation of neck-shaft angle were compared in patients with proximal humeral fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 2016 to April 2021, this study included patients with senile proximal humeral fractures diagnosed by CT three-dimensional reconstruction with lesser tuberosity fractures and medial column injuries. The number of fragments in the lesser tuberosity and the continuity of medial calcar were evaluated. Postoperative stability and shoulder function were evaluated by comparing changes in neck-shaft angle and the DASH upper extremity function score from 1 week to 1 year after the operation. RESULTS: A total of 131 patients were included in the study, and the results showed that the number of fragments of the lesser tuberosity was related to the integrity of the medial cortex of the humerus. That is, when there were more than two lesser tuberosity fragments, the integrity of humeral medial calcar was poor. The positive rate of the lift-off test was higher in patients with lesser tuberosity comminutions 1 year after surgery. In addition, patients with more than two lesser tuberosity fragments and continuous destruction of the medial calcar had large variations in the neck-shaft angle, high DASH scores, poor postoperative stability, and poor recovery of shoulder joint function 1 year postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The number of humeral lesser tuberosity fragments and the integrity of the medial calcar were associated with the collapse of the humeral head and the decrease in shoulder joint stability after the proximal humeral fracture surgery. When the number of lesser tuberosity fragments was greater than two and the medial calcar was damaged, the proximal humeral fracture had poor postoperative stability and poor functional recovery of the shoulder joint, which required auxiliary internal fixation treatment.

Treatment of intractable epistaxis in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer.

Aim: To investigate the treatment of intractable epistaxis after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods: This review focuses on the anatomy and pathophysiology, mechanism, and clinical treatments of epistaxis after NPC radiotherapy.Results: For treating NPC, radiation therapy is the primary therapeutic modality. However, radiotherapy can lead to varied degrees of harm to the neighboring tissues and is correlated with numerous complications. Among these complications, epistaxis is a common occurrence after NPC radiotherapy, owing to damage to the surrounding tissues caused by radiotherapy. Unfortunately, epistaxis, particularly carotid blowout, can have a dangerous course and a high mortality rate. Accurate understanding of epistaxis following radiotherapy, prompt bleeding cessation, and reduction of bleeding volume are key considerations. Nasal tamponade is a crucial rescue treatment, while tracheotomy is an active and effective method. Intravascular balloon embolization is a reliable and effective treatment method for ICA hemorrhage, and vascular embolization is the primary approach for treating external carotid artery maxillary bleeding. Implantation of a covered stent can achieve hemostasis without altering hemodynamics.Conclusion: A comprehensive approach utilizing these methods can improve the success rate of treating nosebleeds following NPC radiotherapy.HighlightsThe mortality rate for carotid blowout following radiotherapy for NPC is high.Radiation therapy and tumor condition are correlated with epistaxis in NPC.Treatment methods for NPC-related epistaxis include posterior nostril tamponade, endoscopic hemostasis, DSA, selective vascular embolization, and stent implantation.The use of a covered stent for NPC-related carotid blowout achieves hemostasis without altering blood perfusion.Effective and timely application of various hemostasis methods is key to improving the success rate of rescue, considering the characteristics of NPC-related epistaxis.

Finite Element Analysis of Channel Screw and Conventional Plate Technique in Tile B2 Pelvic Fracture.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the biomechanical characteristics of tile B2 pelvic fractures using finite element analysis when the superior ramus of the pubis was fixed by a plate or hollow screws in standing and sitting positions, respectively. METHODS: A three-dimensional digital model of the tile B2 pelvic fracture was obtained by CT scanning the patient. The main ligament structure was then reconstructed based on the anatomical characteristics to create a finite element model of the tile B2 pelvic fracture. The posterior pelvic ring was fixed by sacroiliac joint screws, while the anterior ring injury of the superior ramus of the pubis was fixed by plates and hollow compression screws, respectively. The degrees of freedom of the bilateral acetabulum or two sides of the ischial tuberosity were constrained in the two models. A vertical load of 600 N was applied to the upper surface of the sacrum to measure the displacement and stress distribution of the pelvis in the standing and sitting positions. RESULTS: The displacement distribution of both the healthy and the affected side of the pelvis was relatively uniform in both the plate group and the hollow screw group according to the finite element simulation results. The maximum displacement value in the sitting position was greater than the standing position, and the maximum displacement value of the hollow screw fixation was greater than that of the plate fixation. In the four groups of fixation models, the maximum displacement value of the pelvis in the hollow screw sitting position group was 1616.80 × 10-3 mm, which was greater than that of the other three groups, and in this group the total displacement value of the hollow screw in the anterior ring was 556.31 × 10-3 mm. The stress distribution of the pelvis in the various models was similar in the four groups of models, in which the maximum stress of the pelvis in the hollow screw sitting position group was the largest, which was 201.33 MPa, while the maximum stress in the standing position was 149.85 MPa greater than that in the sitting position of the hollow screw fixation. CONCLUSION: The anterior ring of patients with Tile B2 pelvic fractures fixed with hollow screws or plates in both standing and sitting positions can achieve satisfactory biomechanical results with significant safety margins for plates and screws.

Combination of radiotherapy and targeted therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases.

Radiotherapy and targeted therapy are essential treatments for patients with brain metastases from human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. However, the combination of radiotherapy and targeted therapy still needs to be investigated, and neurotoxicity induced by radiotherapy for brain metastases has also become an important issue of clinical concern. It remained unclear how to achieve the balance of efficacy and toxicity with the application of new radiotherapy techniques and new targeted therapy drugs. This article reviews the benefits and potential risk of combining radiotherapy and targeted therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer with brain metastases.

Morphological Analysis of Fractures of the Proximal Humerus by the Fracture Mapping Technique.

OBJECTIVE: Fractures of different parts of the proximal humerus may lead to different postoperative functional deficits, but there are few studies on the morphology and related functions of the proximal humerus. The purpose of this study was to analyze the fracture pattern of the proximal humerus by the three-dimensional (3-D) fracture mapping technique and to further evaluate its clinical utility. METHODS: Patients with proximal humeral fractures admitted to Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, from January 2018 to December 2020, were analyzed. Three surgeons divided the fractures into groups according to the 3-D CT imaging technique and mapped the fractures on a 3-D template according to the fracture line of each fracture. Finally, the humeral head inversion angle and the functional score were recorded in different fracture types. RESULTS: A total of 312 cases of humeral fractures were included. Among them, there were 90 patients (28.8%) in the simple greater tuberosity + lesser tuberosity + medial cortex group, with typical fracture features of surgical neck fractures of the humerus + greater tuberosity fractures. Eighty-seven patients (27.9%) in the greater tuberosity + isolated fragment lesser tuberosity + medial cortex group had typical "four-part fractures." There were 45 patients (14.4%) in the greater tuberosity + lesser tuberosity + medial isolated fragment group. Moreover, more patients in this group had medial comminution due to varus displacement of the femoral head. There were 66 patients (21.1%) in the isolated greater tuberosity group, 21 patients (6.7%) in the greater tuberosity + lesser tuberosity group, and three patients (1.0%) in the greater tuberosity + medial cortex group. In addition, the humeral head inversion angle and other statistical differences were observed in the greater tuberosity + lesser tuberosity + medial isolated fragment group. CONCLUSIONS: This morphological study helps to further identify the characteristics of proximal humerus fracture patterns, which may be closely related to different clinical outcomes. Further relevant studies are needed to verify the reliability of their clinical application and the potential value in surgical planning and postoperative functional rehabilitation.

New progress of glutamine metabolism in the occurrence, development, and treatment of ovarian cancer from mechanism to clinic.

Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid that can be synthesized by cells. It plays a vital role in the growth and proliferation of mammalian cells cultured in vitro. In the process of tumor cell proliferation, glutamine not only contributes to protein synthesis but also serves as the primary nitrogen donor for purine and pyrimidine synthesis. Studies have shown that glutamine-addicted tumor cells depend on glutamine for survival and reprogram glutamine utilization through the Krebs cycle. Potential therapeutic approaches for ovarian cancer including blocking the entry of glutamine into the tricarboxylic acid cycle in highly aggressive ovarian cancer cells or inhibiting glutamine synthesis in less aggressive ovarian cancer cells. Glutamine metabolism is associated with poor prognosis of ovarian cancer. Combining platinum-based chemotherapy with inhibition of glutamine metabolic pathways may be a new strategy for treating ovarian cancer, especially drug-resistant ovarian cancer. This article reviews the role of glutamine metabolism in the biological behaviors of ovarian cancer cells, such as proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance. Its potential use as a new target or biomarker for ovarian cancer diagnosis, treatment, and the prognosis is investigated.

Combinations of radiotherapy with immunotherapy in cervical cancer.

Immunotherapy serves as another effective cancer treatment apart from surgery, chemoradiotherapy, and targeted drug therapy. Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy has significantly improved the effective cure rate for patients in several clinical trials. It subverted the traditional view that radiotherapy kills immune cells and has immunosuppressive effects, indicating a synergistic effect of radiotherapy and immunotherapy. In this article, we reviewed and summarized the molecular mechanism of the combined use of radiotherapy and immunotherapy, as well as the clinical treatment and safety of the combination of the two. We describe the rationale for the integration of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with cervical cancer, present safety and efficacy data that support this combination strategy, and highlight unanswered question sand future research needs. Besides, this study can be referenced for clinicians to guide subsequent clinical medicine.

Assessment of cultured media for desert moss crust by physiological responses.

The physiological responses of desert moss crusts under four artificial media (Beneck, Part, BG11, and Hogland) were investigated to evaluate the function of culture media during different culture periods. The results showed that the value of malondialdehyde (MDA) was at a maximum at 11d, on the contrary, chlorophyll-a, soluble protein, and soluble sugar were at a minimum. As the time increased, the value of MDA and soluble protein decreased faster in the Hogland, while the value of chlorophyll-a and soluble sugar increased. At the end of the culture period, the value of chlorophyll-a and soluble sugar was at a maximum in the Hogland, while the value of MDA and soluble protein was at a minimum. The results suggested that the Hogland medium had a promoting effect on the growth of desert moss crusts. The selected artificial cultivation medium towards wider and larger scale field applications of cultural desert biocrust was widely anticipated.

Treatment of Radiation-Induced Brain Necrosis.

Radiation-induced brain necrosis (RBN) is a serious complication of intracranial as well as skull base tumors after radiotherapy. In the past, due to the lack of effective treatment, radiation brain necrosis was considered to be progressive and irreversible. With better understanding in histopathology and neuroimaging, the occurrence and development of RBN have been gradually clarified, and new treatment methods are constantly emerging. In recent years, some scholars have tried to treat RBN with bevacizumab, nerve growth factor, and gangliosides and have achieved similar results. Some cases of brain necrosis can be repairable and reversible. We aimed to summarize the incidence, pathogenesis, and treatment of RBN.

Radiation-induced skin injury: pathogenesis, treatment, and management.

Radiation-induced skin injury (RSI) refers to a frequently occurring complication of radiation therapy. Nearly 90% of patients having received radiation therapy underwent moderate-to-severe skin reactions, severely reducing patients' quality of life and adversely affecting their disease treatment. No gold standard has been formulated for RSIs. In the present study, the mechanism of RSI and topical medications was discussed. Besides, this study can be referenced for clinicians to treat RSIs to guide subsequent clinical medicine.

The Expressions and Mechanisms of Sarcomeric Proteins in Cancers.

The sarcomeric proteins control the movement of cells in diverse species, whereas the deregulation can induce tumours in model organisms and occurs in human carcinomas. Sarcomeric proteins are recognized as oncogene and related to tumor cell metastasis. Recent insights into their expressions and functions have led to new cancer therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we appraise the evidence for the sarcomeric proteins as cancer genes and discuss cancer-relevant biological functions, potential mechanisms by which sarcomeric proteins activity is altered in cancer.

Bone Metastases Pattern in Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Real-World Analysis in the SEER Database.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence rate and survival situation of bone metastases in initial nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and the hazard and forecast elements of bone metastases NPC patients. Patients and Methods. The data collected from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program between 2010 and 2016 were evaluated. Univariate and multivariable logistic analysis and the Cox regression were carried out to estimate predictors and elements of the being of bone metastases at diagnosis, respectively. The overall survival of different subgroups were appraised by log-rank tests and the Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Factors including male sex, higher N stage, presence of liver, and brain or lung metastases were largely related to the occurrence of bone metastases. The median survival time for bone metastasis NPC patients was 14.0 months. A factor of more than one primary sequence number predicted worse survival. CONCLUSION: The data offer corresponding risks and prognostic indicators of bone metastases for NPC patients.

Effect of lesser trochanter posteromedial wall defect on the stability of femoral intertrochanteric fracture using 3D simulation.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of posteromedial fracture fragments on the postoperative stability of intertrochanteric fractures of the femur by analyzing the quantity and range of fragments in CT 3D reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with femoral lesser trochanter fractures were collected from September 2015 to February 2018. CT 3D reconstruction was applied to evaluate the quantity and extension of posteromedial fragments and the presence of isolated medial fragments. The stability of postoperative fracture was evaluated by comparing the changes of "neck-shaft angle" and "telescoping" from 1 week to 1 year after operation. RESULTS: A total of 143 patients were finally confirmed, in which 63 patients contained isolated fragments on the medial side, and the average number of fragments in the posteromedial side was 1.93 ± 0.34, which accounted for an average of about 86.11% ± 8.20% in the whole posteromedial wall. When the number of posteromedial fragments was > 2 and the range of posteromedial fragments was > 75%, then the changes in the neck-shaft angle and "telescoping" showed statistical significance (12.27 ± 4.18 mm and 10.13 ± 6.17°, respectively), and when there were isolated medial isolated fragments, then the change in the neck-shaft angle was 10.66 ± 4.27°, showing statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: These findings revealed a certain correlation between the quantity and the range of posteromedial fragments and the postoperative "shortening" and "collapse" of femoral intertrochanteric fractures.

Analysis of Clinical Target Volume Delineation in Local-regional Failure of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma after Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the pattern of local failure in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and find a more reasonable delineation of the clinical target volume (CTV). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 212 patients with non-metastatic NPC who underwent IMRT were analyzed. Radiation therapy was run at a total dose of 66-74 Gy (2.0-2.2 Gy fractions). The follow-up of local recurrence and the recurrence-related features were analyzed for the original treatment situation. The failures were delimited as "in-field failure" if Vrecur within the 95% isodose curve (V95%) was ≥95%; "marginal failure" if V95% was less than 95% and not less than 20%; or "out-field failure" if V95% was< 20%. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rates. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 43.4 months. The 5-year local relapse-free survival and overall survival rates were 85.6 and 77.8%, respectively. A total of 18 patients have relapsed. The in-field failure, marginal failure, and out-field failure accounted for 83.3%, 11.1%, and 5.6%, respectively. The site of recurrence was basically in the high dose area. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that IMRT provide a good local control for patients with NPC, and the in-field failure is the main mode. A wide range of CTV cannot prevent the local recurrence, narrowing the CTV to protect the adjacent organs should be taken into consideration.

Does isolated greater trochanter implication affect hip abducent strength and functions in intertrochanteric fracture?

BACKGROUND: A fracture in the isolated greater trochanter is an infrequent type of femoral intertrochanteric fracture. The gluteus medius and gluteus minimus are abducent muscle groups with attachments located on the greater trochanter. Thus, a fracture of the greater trochanter could cause avulsion injury of these attachment points and eventually affect the abducent function of the hip joint and cause chronic pain. Despite these prospects, the impact of a greater trochanter fracture on abducent strength and hip joint function have yet to be investigated. METHODS: Patients who were diagnosed with an isolated greater trochanter fracture (via computed tomography scan and X-ray) and underwent conservative treatment from June 2013 to October 2016 were included in the present study. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to verify the morbidity of recessive fractures. Patients' Harris Hip Scores were determined at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months and the abducent strength and range of motion of the hip joint on the injured side were analyzed and compared to those on the healthy side. RESULT: Among 32 patients, there were 7 individuals diagnosed with isolated greater trochanter fractures by MRI, and 25 individuals whose fractures were found to have extended into the intertrochanteric region, wherein the recessive intertrochanteric region fractures had no relationship with patients' age, gender, or weight. After 12 months of conservative treatment, 7 patients still complained of pain in the hip joint. The average Harris Hip Score was 87.84 ± 4.83, and the abducent range of the hip joint on the injured side (42.02 ± 13.93°) was not significantly different from that of the healthy side (46.24 ± 7.93°). The abducent strength of the hip joint of the injured side was 121.32 ± 41.06 N which was significantly lower than that of healthy side (137.44 ± 42.21 N). CONCLUSION: Results from this investigation suggest that an isolated greater trochanter fracture attenuates the abducent strength of the hip joint, which may be related to injuries of the ligaments and muscles around the greater trochanter. The surgical skills and methods of addressing isolated greater trochanter fractures merit further investigation.

Chaperonin-containing T­complex protein 1 subunit 8 promotes cell migration and invasion in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating α-actin and ß-tubulin expression.

The chaperonin-containing T­complex protein 1 (CCT) has eight subunits, CCT 1-8, which are dysregulated in several types of cancer. To determine how subunit 8 (CCT8) influences the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were performed on 128 ESCC samples in the present study to measure the expression of CCT8. The prognostic value of CCT8 was analyzed using univariate and multivariate survival analyses. CCT8 knockdown in ESCC cells was performed and subsequently, the migration and invasion of ESCC cells was assessed. The results of immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis of ESCC tissue indicated that the expression of CCT8 in tumor tissues from patients with lymph node metastasis (LNM) was high whereas its expression in tissues from those without LNM was low. In addition, the overall survival rate of patients with high CCT8 expression was poor. It was demonstrated that CCT8 influenced the migration and invasion of ESCC cells by regulating α-actin and ß-tubulin. Following CCT8 knockdown, cells were treated with cisplatin; it was demonstrated that α-actin and ß-tubulin were downregulated and that cell apoptosis was enhanced. These data confirm that α-actin and ß-tubulin are regulated by CCT8, and that increased CCT8 expression is associated with poor patient prognosis and cisplatin resistance in ESCC.